This paper is divided into four parts. 1 Present Situation and Achievement In this part,the great achievement gained in the water-conservancy construction of Shanxi Province since the new China was founded is summarized briefly.The author holds that the greater leap has been made in the water-conservancy construction after the eighties of the twentieth century. 2 Difficulty and Problem In this part,the existing problems in the development and construction of water-conservancy in our province are analysed.They are:[1]The water supply capacity far can not fit the social and economic development of the whole province,the contradiction between demand and supply of water resources has increasingly been sharp. [2]The serious water pollution has caused the damage of environment,which exacerbates the water shortage. [3]The flood control project construction has been lagging behind,the flood control capacity can not reach the standard suiting the economic development of the whole province. 3 Main Direction of Scientific Research and Key Research Topics In this part,the author,being faced with the above three problems,suggests that some works in three respects should be done from increasing investment,adjusting mechanism and reforming system,and to advancing of science and technology concurrently.As for the advance of science and technology,several problems to be solved urgently at present are as followsd:[1]Making the second water resources assessment and formulating a rational water resources planing.[2]Increasing the reservoir storage capacity on the premise of ensuring the reservoir safety during flood period.[3]Doing well the research on the water-saving irrigation technique for agricultural farm continuously.[4]Paying attention to the research on treatment and use of waste water resources.